考研英語閱讀中的“九大符號秘密”

備考指導來源：考研幫綜合整理 2019-12-15　

1.逗號comma

用于分割并列成分。考研重點：兩個逗號之間，或者一個逗號之后，如果是補充說明成分時，跳過不看。Eg. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.

2.句號period/fullstop

①用于陳述句，表示一個句子的結束，起分割切分句子作用。

②用于某些縮略詞之后。比如Mr.、Ms.、etc.等等。如果句號作為簡寫符號使用，那么這個詞語簡寫前后面的符號應該照常寫上，因為簡寫號并非句號，也不遵循句號的語法。比如Entreprise Co.，Ltd或者I invited Tom，Jerry，etc..(注意兩個點)。

③用作小數點

3.問號

考研英語閱讀文章中的問號一般都是設問的功能，只問不答，答案不言自明。Eg1.考研難道沒有價值嗎？另外，如果開篇就是問句，那么則屬于問題答案型文章，對問題的回答就是全文主旨。

4.冒號(colon)：冒號前后是從抽象到具體的過程，后面進一步補充說明前面的內容。

Eg.1997 passage3 Q2

60.The word "pervasive" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean________.

[A]widespread[B]overwhelming

[C]piercing[D]fashionable

We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

5.分號(semi-colon)前后是并列關系，包括結構上并列和語義上的并列。

For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. (2000 Passage2)

6.引號(quotationmarks)：①引用②強調③諷刺

Eg1 “Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.

7.括號(parentheses)①解釋說明生詞。②補充說明

Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. (1997，Text 3)

8.破折號(dash)

①一個破折號后面起補充說明或評價判斷。

I am an idiot - the stupidest kind of all.“This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does — and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

②兩破折號之間其補充說明，可先跳過不看。

In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.

9.省略號(ellipsis)...

英文中的省略號的作用和漢語是一樣的。當省略號在句圍并且有下文時，應該打四個點，最后一個為句號。如：Anditflewfurther，andfurther，andfurther....Jorgesmiledandturnedback.當省略號在句尾并作為語氣延長的作用時，應使用修辭前的標點，如：Doyouloveme...？其余情況下使用三個點。如：The Martians...they just...just bombed our...our town，please send...more...